Eating Disorders and Vegetarianism: Navigating the Contemporary Complexity of Our Food Choices

Introduction: The Delicate Intersection of Ethics and Pathology

In our post-modern society, characterized by what anthropologist Claude Fischler terms "gastro-anomie" - the loss of traditional food reference points - nutritional choices have become complex identity markers. Vegetarianism and veganism are embedded in this contemporary dynamic where food transcends its biological function to become an expression of values, community belonging, and ethical positioning.

Yet this nobility of intention can sometimes intertwine with darker pathological mechanisms. The intersection between vegetarianism and eating disorders reveals a fascinating and delicate gray area, where authentic conviction and pathological restriction can interlace so subtly that it sometimes escapes the awareness of the person experiencing it.

This complexity should neither alarm us nor reassure us prematurely. It calls instead for a nuanced, respectful, and scientifically informed approach. An approach that recognizes that behind every food choice lie multidimensional issues: biological, psychological, social, cultural, even spiritual.

As a dietitian specializing in eating disorder support, I regularly see individuals navigating this complex intersection in my Paris practice. Some arrive with deep questions about their motivations, others suffering from rigidities they can no longer distinguish from their convictions, still others seeking to optimize their vegetarianism within the context of eating disorder recovery.

My role is never to judge the legitimacy of your food choices. It consists of creating a supportive space for exploration where all issues can be examined: the benefits and costs, the freedoms and constraints, the coherences and contradictions. A space where you remain the expert of your own existence, while I provide expertise to illuminate the different dimensions of your choices.

This approach is anchored in a precise ethical framework, articulated around two seemingly contradictory but actually complementary principles: respect for your decisional autonomy (informed consent) and my professional responsibility of non-abandonment in danger. This creative tension requires constant vigilance and therapeutic creativity that honors both your integrity and your safety.

Chapter I: Contemporary Anatomy of Vegetarianism - Beyond Simplifications

The Silent Food Revolution

We have witnessed a profound transformation of the dietary landscape over the past decade. Statistics reveal steady growth in vegetarianism globally: from 3% of the US population in 2012 to 10% in 2024, with projections reaching 15% by 2030. In the UK, vegetarianism has grown from 2% to 7% over the same period. But these numbers mask a reality far more complex than a passing trend.

This evolution is part of a larger civilizational movement, characterized by dietary reflexivity - the modern ability to question, analyze, and justify each of our nutritional choices. Unlike traditional societies where food was largely determined by geography, season, and custom, we live in an era of food hyperchoice that can generate as much anxiety as freedom.

Contemporary vegetarianism thus differs radically from its historical forms. It no longer arises from constraint (lack of resources, imposed religious prohibitions) but from reflective choice, identity construction, ethical affirmation. This voluntary dimension gives it a particular psychological and social charge, which can become problematic when it rigidifies or deviates from its initial function.

The Polysemy of Vegetarian Choice

Primary Motivations and Their Evolution

Academic research classically identifies four major families of vegetarian motivations:

Ethical (animal welfare): Refusal of animal suffering, recognition of the moral status of non-human animals. This motivation, often the most stable over time, can nevertheless evolve toward more or less radical positions depending on community influences and personal evolution.

Environmental: Awareness of the ecological impact of industrial livestock farming. A motivation particularly prevalent among younger generations, but sometimes a source of ecological guilt that can fuel pathological mechanisms of food control.

Health: Belief in the nutritional superiority of plant-based eating. This motivation, more scientifically fragile, can easily tip into orthorexia when accompanied by a dichotomous view of foods.

Hedonistic: Taste preference for plant foods, culinary pleasure of vegetarian creativity. An often underestimated but psychologically important motivation for the sustainability of food choices.

Spiritual: Search for harmony, connection with life, spiritual elevation. A motivation traditionally present in certain Eastern philosophies, updated in contemporary new-age movements.

Secondary Motivations and Their Pitfalls

Beyond these explicit motivations, clinical practice reveals less conscious but sometimes more determinant secondary motivations:

Control and Mastery: Vegetarianism can offer a structuring framework in the face of modern food choice anxiety. This function can become pathological when the framework transforms into a prison.

Social Distinction: Affirmation of moral, intellectual, or cultural superiority. This narcissistic dimension can fuel compensatory rigidity when self-esteem wavers.

Phobic Avoidance: Disgust for certain textures, contamination fears, traumatic associations with certain foods. Vegetarianism can then serve as a socially acceptable justification for pathological avoidances.

Belonging and Identity: Integration into a valued social group, construction of a coherent identity in the face of postmodern fragmentation. This identity function can create psychological dependence on vegetarianism that exceeds the initial conviction.

The Taxonomy of Contemporary Vegetarianisms

Classical Gradations

Flexitarianism: Significant but non-total reduction in animal product consumption. A pragmatic approach that preserves social flexibility while embodying ethical consciousness.

Pescetarianism: Exclusion of terrestrial meats, maintenance of aquatic products. Often motivated by nuanced environmental considerations or progressive transitions.

Strict Vegetarianism: Exclusion of all animal flesh, maintenance of derived products (dairy, eggs). A classic position that can evolve toward more or less rigidity.

Veganism: Exclusion of all animal products. A maximal position that can be accompanied by a comprehensive lifestyle (clothing, cosmetics, leisure).

Contemporary Radicalizations

Beyond these established categories, the contemporary era sees the emergence of more radical forms, sometimes problematic:

Raw Foodism: Exclusion of all cooked food, based on sometimes scientifically unfounded naturopathic beliefs.

Fruitarianism: Limitation to fruits and seeds, through refusal to "kill" plants. A nutritionally dangerous extreme position.

Liquidarianism/Breatharianism: Extreme forms relating more to psychiatric pathology than rational food choice.

These restrictive escalations often constitute warning signals indicating that initial vegetarianism has deviated from its ethical function to serve pathological mechanisms of control or avoidance.

Chapter II: The Neuroscience of Food Decision-Making - Understanding Deep Mechanisms

The Cerebral Architecture of Choice

Food decision-making involves a complex neural network integrating cognition, emotion, memory, and anticipation. This neuroscientific understanding illuminates why certain vegetarian choices can tip toward pathology.

The Limbic System and Value Attachment

The amygdala and hippocampus process the emotional charge associated with food choices. When vegetarianism becomes deeply anchored in personal identity, any questioning triggers intense limbic activation, comparable to an identity threat. This neurobiological reaction explains why modifying rigidified vegetarian choices can generate disproportionate distress.

The Prefrontal Cortex and Cognitive Regulation

The seat of executive control, the prefrontal cortex modulates food impulses according to our values and long-term goals. In plant-based orthorexia, this region can become hyperactive, creating excessive cognitive control that inhibits listening to natural bodily signals.

Reward Circuits and Dopamine

The dopaminergic system rewards behaviors aligned with our values. Initially, vegetarianism generates dopaminergic satisfaction through ethical coherence. But this reward can progressively shift from the ethical act to control itself, creating behavioral addiction to restriction.

Brain Plasticity and Food Habitus

Neurological Incorporation of Habits

The Bourdieusian concept of habitus finds neurobiological translation in synaptic plasticity. Repeated food choices create neural highways that automate decisions. This cognitive efficiency can become problematic when it prevents contextual adaptation.

Therapeutic Neuroplasticity

Understanding these mechanisms opens therapeutic perspectives. Progressive modification of neural patterns through controlled exposure can allow softening of pathological vegetarian rigidities without questioning underlying values.

Chapter III: Nutritional Ecology - Risks and Benefits Under Scientific Scrutiny

The Contemporary Nutritional Paradox

We live in a paradoxical era where nutritional information abounds while eating disorders proliferate. This apparent contradiction is explained by the confusion between information and food wisdom, between technical knowledge and bodily intelligence.

Documented Cardiovascular Benefits

Recent meta-analyses confirm significant reduction in cardiovascular risks among vegetarians: 25% decrease in heart attack risk, 8% reduction in overall mortality, improvement in lipid and blood pressure profiles. These benefits are explained by the convergence of several mechanisms: reduction in saturated fats, increase in fiber and antioxidants, improvement in insulin sensitivity.

Nuanced Oncological Protection

The vegetarianism-cancer relationship reveals a complexity that escapes simplistic discourse. While the reduction in colorectal cancer risk is well established (16% according to the WHO), other locations show more nuanced results. Vegetarianism probably protects against certain digestive cancers but does not constitute a universal panacea.

Positive Metabolic Impact

Vegetarians generally present a better metabolic profile: lower BMI, reduced insulin resistance, decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. These benefits exceed the simple effect of caloric reduction and involve specific physiological mechanisms.

Nutritional Challenges: A Precise Mapping

Vitamin B12: Non-Negotiable and Underestimated

B12 deficiency remains the main pitfall of veganism. Contrary to persistent myths, no plant food contains biologically active B12 in sufficient quantity. The consequences of prolonged deficiency can be irreversible: peripheral neuropathies, cognitive disorders, megaloblastic anemia.

Supplementation must be systematic in vegans: 250 μg daily, 1000 μg bi-weekly, or 2500 μg weekly. Blood B12 levels are insufficient; urinary methylmalonic acid constitutes the reference marker.

Iron: Bioavailability and Optimization Strategies

Non-heme iron from plants has 2-3 times lower bioavailability than heme iron. This difference requires optimization strategies: systematic association with vitamin C, soaking legumes, avoiding inhibitors (tannins, calcium) during meals.

Vegetarian women of childbearing age have increased risk of iron deficiency anemia. In an eating disorder context where quantitative intake may be insufficient, this vigilance becomes crucial.

Proteins: Quality and Complementarity

The protein question in vegetarianism has been largely dramatized then minimized. The reality lies in nuance: obtaining complete proteins as a vegetarian is possible but requires specific knowledge. Cereal-legume complementarity, inclusion of varied nuts, diversification of plant protein sources allows covering all essential amino acid needs.

Omega-3: The Missing Link

The absence of fatty fish in vegetarian diets creates a specific challenge for long-chain omega-3s (EPA/DHA). The conversion of plant ALA to EPA/DHA remains limited (5-10% in men, slightly higher in women). Algae oil supplementation often becomes necessary, particularly for brain and cardiovascular functions.

Forgotten Micronutrients

Other nutrients deserve attention in a vegetarian context: zinc (absorption decreased by phytates), iodine (absent from terrestrial plants), vitamin D (general problem but accentuated), calcium (compensable through judicious choices), creatine (sometimes insufficient endogenous synthesis).

Vegetarianism and Eating Disorders: Amplification of Challenges

The Synergistic Effect of Restrictions

In an eating disorder context, the nutritional challenges of vegetarianism become dangerously amplified. Quantitative restriction (insufficient overall intake) combines with qualitative restriction (elimination of nutritious foods) to create major deficiency risks.

Alteration of Absorption

Eating disorders disrupt intestinal absorption through several mechanisms: slowed gastric emptying, alteration of intestinal flora, inflammation of digestive mucosa, enzyme deficiency. These disruptions worsen the difficulties of assimilating plant nutrients, naturally less bioavailable.

Increased Recovery Needs

The recovery phase from a major eating disorder increases nutritional needs: tissue reconstruction, restoration of reserves, normalization of physiological functions. These increased needs make balancing a vegetarian diet more difficult, particularly vegan.

Chapter IV: The Anthropology of Control - When Virtue Becomes Prison

The Contemporary Moralization of Food

Our era witnesses a growing moralization of food choices. This dynamic, absent from traditional societies where food was more about necessity than choice, transforms every bite into a moral act subject to judgment.

Food as Identity Marker

In a society where traditional identities (class, religion, family) weaken, food becomes a substitute identity marker. "Tell me what you eat, I'll tell you who you are" has never been so literal. This identity charge can transform initially fluid food choices into rigid pillars of personal identity.

The Tyranny of Consistency

The contemporary injunction to personal consistency can trap vegetarians in totalizing logic. Does choosing vegetarianism for ethical reasons imply absolute consistency in all domains? This pressure for ethical perfection can generate constant anxiety and escalation in restriction.

The Psychological Mechanisms of Food Control

The Illusion of Mastery

In a world perceived as chaotic and uncontrollable, food offers an apparently manageable domain. Vegetarianism can serve this illusion of control, particularly in anxious or perfectionist personalities. This defensive function can progressively take precedence over initial ethical motivations.

Psychological Reactance

Prohibition naturally generates psychological reactance - increased desire for the forbidden object. In rigid vegetarianism, this reactance can create paradoxical food obsessions, where thought fixates precisely on what is excluded.

Symptomatic Displacement

In certain vulnerable personalities, vegetarianism can serve as displacement for deeper psychological difficulties: need for control in the face of anxiety, search for perfection in the face of fragile self-esteem, quest for belonging in the face of social isolation.

Vegetable Orthorexia: Anatomy of a Drift

Definition and Diagnostic Criteria

Orthorexia nervosa, conceptualized by Steven Bratman, designates the pathological obsession with "healthy" eating. In its plant-based version, it is characterized by an escalation in food "purity" that can lead to nutritionally dangerous restrictions.

Identification criteria include: excessive time devoted to food planning (>3h/day), major distress in case of transgression of self-imposed rules, social isolation linked to dietary restrictions, feeling of moral superiority based on food choices, progressive escalation in prohibitions.

Installation Phases

Plant-based orthorexia generally follows a predictable progression:

Initiation Phase: Adoption of vegetarianism for authentic motivations, with maintenance of social and contextual flexibility.

Intensification Phase: Deepening of nutritional knowledge, development of increasingly precise personal rules.

Rigidification Phase: Rules become inflexible, generating anxiety if they cannot be perfectly respected.

Escalation Phase: Addition of new restrictions (mandatory organic, local only, exclusively raw) that progressively distance from initial motivations.

Isolation Phase: Restrictions become so numerous that they compromise social and relational life.

Vulnerability Factors

Certain profiles present increased vulnerability to plant-based orthorexia: perfectionist personalities, performance anxiety, tendency toward obsessional control, low tolerance for uncertainty, need for social recognition, personal history of eating disorders.

Chapter V: Systemic Issues - Family, Society, Culture

The Complexity of Family Dynamics

When Vegetarianism Disrupts the Family Ecosystem

The adoption of vegetarianism by a family member can create profound reorganizations of the family system. Meal preparation, traditionally a unifying moment, can become a source of tension and constant negotiation.

Legitimate Parental Concerns

Parents confronted with their adolescent or young adult's vegetarianism often experience a loyalty conflict: respecting their child's autonomy and convictions while legitimately worrying about their health. This tension is exacerbated when signs of eating disorders appear.

Intergenerational Transmission of Anxieties

Parental food anxieties can influence the evolution of vegetarianism toward pathological forms. Excessive surveillance can reinforce the transgressive and identity aspect of vegetarianism, while apparent indifference can push toward restrictive escalation to obtain attention and recognition.

Social and Community Impact

Community Belonging: Benefit and Trap

Vegetarian communities offer support, validation, and a sense of belonging. However, some drift toward sectarian forms where dietary radicality becomes a criterion for social inclusion. This dynamic can push toward restrictive escalation motivated more by community acceptance than personal conviction.

Cross Stigmatization

People who are vegetarian with eating disorders may experience double stigmatization: that linked to eating disorders (perception of "weakness," "whim") and that sometimes associated with vegetarianism ("extremism," "rigidity"). This cross stigmatization can reinforce isolation and complicate seeking help.

Challenges of Food Socialization

In a still largely omnivorous society, vegetarians must constantly negotiate their place in social food rituals: professional meals, family celebrations, outings with friends. This permanent negotiation can become exhausting and push toward social avoidance.

Chapter VI: The Art of Differential Support

The Specialized Therapeutic Framework

Fundamental Principles of Support

Supporting vegetarian individuals with eating disorders requires specific expertise articulated around several principles:

Benevolent Neutrality: Neither promotion nor discouragement of vegetarianism, but respectful exploration of motivations and functions of this choice.

Nutritional Competence: Mastery of vegetarian nutritional specificities to propose balanced alternatives without pathological restriction.

Systemic Approach: Consideration of the family and social impact of food choices.

Respectful Temporality: Acceptance that modification of rigidified vegetarian choices requires more time than other dietary changes.

The Methodology of Differential Assessment

Distinguishing Authentic Conviction from Pathological Mechanism

This distinction, crucial but delicate, relies on several evaluation criteria:

Temporal Criteria: Anteriority of convictions relative to eating disorders, stability over time of motivations.

Flexibility Criteria: Capacity for contextual adaptation, acceptance of punctual medical or social exceptions.

Emotional Criteria: Serenity in the face of involuntary deviations versus disproportionate distress, preserved food pleasure within the vegetarian framework.

Social Criteria: Impact on relationships, maintenance of social food activities.

Evolutionary Criteria: Capacity for questioning and evolution of practices according to experience.

Phases of Therapeutic Support

Phase 1: Global Assessment and Therapeutic Alliance

This initial phase, crucial for subsequent support, aims to:

• Understand the history of vegetarianism: initial motivations, evolutions, current questions

• Evaluate the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of the situation

• Identify resources and areas of vulnerability

• Establish therapeutic objectives collaboratively

• Create a framework of trust respectful of convictions

Phase 2: Stabilization and Optimization

In this phase, we work to:

• Optimize nutritional balance within the chosen vegetarian framework

• Identify and treat any deficiencies

• Stabilize the most pathological eating behaviors

• Preserve the ethical dimension while reducing the pathological dimension

• Strengthen non-food emotional regulation strategies

Phase 3: Exploration and Softening

This more delicate phase involves:

• Exploring areas of rigidity that might serve pathology

• Progressively introducing contextual flexibility

• Distinguishing between deep convictions and defensive mechanisms

• Developing a more serene relationship to involuntary "deviations"

• Renegotiating the contours of personal vegetarianism

Phase 4: Integration and Empowerment

The final phase aims to:

• Consolidate therapeutic gains

• Develop autonomy in managing complex situations

• Anticipate and prepare for future vulnerability situations

• Maintain the ethical dimension within a framework of overall well-being

• Establish follow-up adapted to individual needs

Specialized Therapeutic Tools

Adapted Cognitive-Behavioral Approach

Classic CBT techniques must be adapted to the vegetarian context:

Nuanced Cognitive Restructuring: Challenge dysfunctional thoughts without questioning underlying ethical values.

Respectful Progressive Exposure: Gradual introduction of flexibility starting with situations consistent with values (e.g., unverified vegetarian restaurants before omnivorous outings).

Specialized Relapse Prevention: Identification of specific risk situations (criticism of vegetarianism, social pressure, failure in meal organization).

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

The ACT approach proves particularly relevant for vegetarians with eating disorders:

Values Clarification: Distinction between authentic values and rigid rules, exploration of personal value hierarchy.

Cognitive Defusion: Learning distance from obsessional food thoughts while preserving ethical engagement.

Acceptance of Uncertainty: Tolerance of imperfection in applying vegetarian principles.

Family Systems Approach

When family is involved, systems work allows:

• Rebalancing family dynamics disrupted by vegetarianism and/or eating disorders

• Training the family to distinguish conviction/pathology

• Developing coherent family support strategies

• Negotiating family rules around food

Chapter VII: Toward a Personalized Food Ecology

The Philosophy of Conscious Eating

Beyond Vegetarianism: Food Intelligence

The ultimate therapeutic goal is not necessarily to modify vegetarian choices, but to develop what I call food intelligence: this capacity to make conscious, nuanced nutritional choices adapted to one's personal situation.

This food intelligence integrates several dimensions:

Body Awareness: Capacity to listen to physiological signals (hunger, satiety, specific needs) even within a constrained dietary framework.

Contextual Flexibility: Adaptation of dietary principles according to situations while preserving overall coherence.

Emotional Regulation: Managing emotions without systematic recourse to food control.

Social Intelligence: Harmonious navigation of social food situations.

Temporal Perspective: Consideration of the evolution of needs and priorities over time.

Building Your Personal Food Ecosystem

The Ecosystemic Approach

Rather than focusing solely on consumed foods, the ecosystemic approach considers all factors that influence your relationship with food:

Physical Environment: Kitchen organization, food accessibility, quality of meal spaces.

Social Environment: Quality of relationships around food, support or pressure from surroundings, social food activities.

Informational Environment: Sources of nutritional information, exposure to contradictory messages, media influences.

Temporal Environment: Life rhythms, time devoted to meals, organization of shopping and cooking.

Emotional Environment: Emotional regulation strategies, stress management, soothing rituals.

Advanced Optimization Strategies

Nutritional Personalization

Each organism having its specificities, vegetarian nutritional optimization requires a personalized approach:

Individualized Biological Assessment: Targeted nutritional assessments, identification of genetic vulnerabilities (metabolic polymorphisms), adaptation according to age and specific needs.

Intelligent Supplementation: Beyond mandatory B12, identification of relevant supplements according to individual profile (iron, zinc, omega-3, vitamin D, creatine).

Food Chronobiology: Adaptation of food intake according to personal circadian rhythms, optimization of absorption according to times of day.

Functional Micronutrition: Consideration of microbiota state, intestinal integrity, individual digestive capacities.

Advanced Management of Complex Situations

Travel and Displacement: Cultural adaptation strategies, management of food uncertainty, maintenance of nutritional balance in precarious situations.

Delicate Social Situations: Benevolent communication techniques, management of value conflicts, preservation of important relationships.

Stress Periods: Temporary adaptation of requirements, maintenance of nutritional fundamentals, prevention of decompensations.

Life Evolutions: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, aging, intercurrent pathologies: adaptation of vegetarianism to new needs.

Chapter VIII: The Societal Dimension and Collective Evolution

Mutations in the Food Landscape

Toward Normalization of Vegetarianism

We are witnessing a progressive transformation of the social status of vegetarianism. From stigmatized marginal choice, it is evolving toward an increasingly normalized dietary option. This societal evolution modifies individual psychological issues: vegetarianism progressively loses its function of social differentiation to become personal choice among others.

Food and Technological Innovation

The development of plant alternatives (textured proteins, meat substitutes, diversified plant milks) facilitates transition and maintenance of vegetarianism. In parallel, mobile applications and digital tools allow more precise and personalized nutritional tracking.

Evolution of Catering

The professionalization of vegetarian cuisine, improvement of restaurant offerings, training of professionals modify the social ecosystem of vegetarianism. These evolutions reduce certain historical practical difficulties.

Emerging Challenges

Commercialization of Vegetarianism

The commercial recovery of vegetarianism creates new challenges: multiplication of ultra-processed vegetarian products, anxiety-inducing marketing, confusion between ethical and commercial vegetarianism.

Polarization of Discourses

The intensification of debates around food can push toward radicalization of positions, complicating the adoption of nuanced and evolving postures.

New Emerging Disorders

The evolution of the food landscape sees the emergence of new forms of disorders: ecological orthorexia, dietary climate anxiety, disorders linked to nutritional social networks.

Conclusion: The Art of Living One's Convictions Serenely

Reconciling Ideal and Reality

Supporting vegetarian individuals with eating disorders reveals a universal truth: the difficulty of living our ideals in the complexity of reality. This difficulty is neither personal failure nor absolute impossibility, but a creative challenge that requires nuance, patience, and self-compassion.

Your vegetarianism can be a source of fulfillment and existential coherence. It can nourish your ethics, your health, your social relationships when lived with flexibility and intelligence. It can also become a gilded prison when it rigidifies and deviates from its initial functions.

My role, as a support professional, is never to decide for you the legitimacy of your choices. It consists of creating a space for exploration where all issues can be examined: physical, psychological, social, ethical. A space where you can distinguish what serves you from what disserves you, what nourishes you from what exhausts you, what grows you from what diminishes you.

This exploration requires courage and honesty. Courage to question choices that may be part of your identity. Honesty to recognize that our best intentions can sometimes turn against us. But this approach is neither a betrayal of your values nor a renunciation of your ideals. It is on the contrary the condition for living them authentically and sustainably.

There are as many ways to live vegetarianism as there are vegetarians. Some people thrive in strict and coherent vegetarianism. Others find their balance in contextual flexibility. Still others evolve their choices according to life stages. All these approaches are respectable as long as they are consciously chosen and serenely lived.

The therapeutic goal is not to make you give up vegetarianism nor to maintain it at all costs. The goal is to help you develop a relationship with food that allows you to live your life fully, in accordance with your deep values and respectful of your overall well-being.

This reconciliation is possible. It requires time, patience, sometimes professional help. But it opens toward authentic freedom: that of choosing consciously, evolving serenely, living one's convictions without being imprisoned by them.

If this article resonates with you, if you recognize in these words some of your difficulties or questions, know that you are not alone. There are trained professionals to accompany you in this delicate exploration. There are solutions respectful of your values and your well-being.

Your path toward serene and conscious eating deserves to be accompanied with all necessary expertise and kindness. In my Paris practice, I regularly see people navigating this complex intersection between vegetarianism and eating disorders. Each support is unique, respectful of your specificities and oriented toward your overall fulfillment.

Living and eating are two sides of the same coin. Lighten your relationship with food and free yourself from what disserves you!

📚 Plant-Based Balance: See our general vegetarian/vegan guide and beware of orthorexia. Our ethical dietetics can guide you.

📚 SOURCES AND REFERENCES

• Vegetarianism and eating disorders - PubMed

• Therapeutic experiences with vegetarians - MDPI

• Collaborative ED care - Journal of Eating Disorders

• Claude Fischler - Food Anthropology

• Pediatric ED guide - Canadian Paediatric Society

• The Vegan Society - Nutrition

• NEDA - National Eating Disorders Association