Obesity
Understanding and Managing Obesity: A Public Health Challenge
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease defined by an excessive accumulation of body fat that can have detrimental effects on health. In France, nearly 17% of adults are affected by obesity, making it a major public health issue. It is recognized as a chronic disease by the World Health Organization (WHO) and requires comprehensive and individualized care.
What is Obesity?
Obesity is primarily assessed using the body mass index (BMI), a calculation based on weight and height. A BMI of 30 kg/m² or greater indicates obesity. However, this criterion does not account for the distribution of body fat or any associated comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea.
The causes of obesity are numerous:
Genetic factors: Some genes predispose individuals to fat accumulation.
Environmental and behavioral factors: An unbalanced diet, increased sedentary behavior, and chronic stress contribute to the development of obesity.
Psychosocial factors: The role of body image, emotional disorders, or eating habits is central.
Managing Obesity: Recommendations from HAS (french health bureau)
According to the French National Authority for Health (HAS), the management of obesity relies on a multidisciplinary approach. The goal is not only weight loss but also improving the overall health and quality of life of the patient.
The main areas of care include:
Personalized nutritional follow-up: Adjusting food intake to individual needs while respecting the patient's preferences and habits.
Psychological support: Identifying and addressing any eating disorders or emotional factors.
Adapted physical activity: Encouraging regular and gradual physical activity suited to the individual's physical capabilities.
The Role of the Dietitian in Management
The dietitian plays a key role in supporting patients with obesity. As a healthcare professional, they offer:
A complete nutritional assessment.
Personalized advice to adopt a balanced diet without drastic restrictions.
Continuous support to maintain motivation and establish lasting habits. In collaboration with other professionals (general practitioners, psychologists, sports educators), the dietitian contributes to a coordinated and effective approach.
Complementary Therapeutic Options
In some cases, specific treatments may be considered:
GLP-1 receptor agonists: Medications like liraglutide or semaglutide regulate appetite and may promote significant weight loss.
Bariatric surgery: Considered for patients with a BMI greater than 40 kg/m² (or 35 kg/m² with comorbidities), it offers dramatic results but requires rigorous long-term follow-up and has many constraints.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Helps to permanently change eating habits and the relationship with food.
A Patient-Centered Approach
Since obesity is a chronic disease, its management requires time, patience, and a compassionate approach. As a dietitian, my role is to support you on this journey, respecting your needs, desires, and goals. Together, we can work to improve your health and well-being sustainably.
For personalized follow-up, feel free to contact me.
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